Rosa damascena, a 1-2 m Rosaceae shrub, has fragrant pink petals and buds used as a relaxant, antidepressant, and digestive aid. Traditionally, it treats headaches, muscle pain, and respiratory inflammation. Its essential oils and flavonoids provide sedative, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects, also used in perfumery and cosmetics.
Compounds Table
| Compound | Approximate Percentage | Brief Description |
|---|---|---|
| Essential Oil (Rose Oil) | 0.02 - 0.05% | Relaxant, antidepressant, anti-anxiety, anti-inflammatory |
| Flavonoids | 1 - 2% | Antioxidant, immune-boosting, anti-inflammatory |
| Tannins | 10 - 15% | Astringent, wound healing, supports skin and mucosal health |
| Glycosides | 2 - 4% | Blood pressure regulation, antidepressant effects |
| Vitamin C | 0.3 - 1% | Immune-boosting, strong antioxidant |
| Pectins | 3 - 5% | Aids digestion, improves gut health |
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Rosa damascena (Damask Rose)
General Characteristics and Morphology
Rosa damascena, belonging to the Rosaceae family, is a perennial, thorny shrub that typically grows to a height of 1 to 2 meters. The plant has branched stems, pinnately compound leaves with 5 to 7 leaflets, and scattered thorns along its stems. Its flowers are light to deep pink in color and possess a strong, pleasant fragrance. This species thrives in temperate and semi-arid climates and is widely cultivated in Iran, Bulgaria, Turkey, and India.
Medicinal Parts
The medicinal parts of Rosa damascena include its dried petals and flower buds, which are rich in aromatic compounds and essential oils. The essential oil extracted from this plant is among the most expensive natural oils, widely used in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries.
Applications
Due to its high content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids, Rosa damascena exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and sedative properties. The petals are used as a relaxant, cardiotonic, antidepressant, and digestive aid. In traditional medicine, this plant is applied for treating headaches, relieving muscle pain, improving skin conditions, and reducing inflammation of the respiratory tract.
Pharmacological Effects
In addition to its medicinal applications, Rosa damascena is extensively used in perfumery, the production of rose water, and various cosmetic formulations.
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