Berberis vulgaris, a 1-3 meter barberry shrub, yields bitter, yellow root bark with at least 1.5% berberine, used for biliary, liver, and throat issues. Its alkaloids, like berberine, offer bactericidal, anti-amoebic, and sedative effects, with some raising blood pressure.
Compounds Table
| Compound | Approximate Percentage | Brief Description |
|---|---|---|
| Berberine | 1.5% | Antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, immune system booster, antiparasitic |
| Columbamine | -- | Antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial effects |
| Oxycanthin | -- | Antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, improves cardiovascular function |
| Columbamine Chloride | -- | Antibacterial, antifungal, effective against Staphylococcus and Bacillus subtilis |
| Berbramin | -- | Blood pressure increase, anticonvulsant, sedative, diuretic |
| Hydroxycanthin | -- | Blood pressure increase, muscle relaxant, anticonvulsant |
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Berberis vulgaris, commonly known as barberry, is a plant from the Berberidaceae family, with the dried root bark containing at least 1.5% berberine. This plant is a shrub that grows to a height of 1 to 3 meters, with upright branches and yellowish twigs, which have small thorns along the length of the veins.
Medicinal Part:
The dried root bark of the plant is the medicinal part, which is yellow in color and has a bitter and unpleasant taste.
Uses:
The root bark of various species of barberry is used in the treatment of biliary disorders, liver inflammation, and inflammation of the mouth and throat.
In traditional medicine, barberry was used as an appetite stimulant and anti-inflammatory.
Pharmacological Effects:
The alkaloid salts of barberry, especially berberine, columbamine, and oxycanthine, have bactericidal properties. Research has shown that the antibacterial effect of berberine chloride against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter cloacae, and other bacteria is stronger than that of carboxy-penicillin, which is why it is used in the formulation of eye drops and eye wash solutions.
Oxycanthine chloride and columbamine chloride are effective against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, while berberine sulfate has anti-amoebic and anti-Giardia effects.
Berberamine, isotretinoin, and hydroxycanthine are known to increase blood pressure. Berberine has anticonvulsant, sedative, and diuretic effects.
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